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The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has changed the model of economic and business activities so rapidly. The reason is that from the development of ICT, financial transactions that were

The reduction in Bank Indonesia's benchmark interest rate (BI-Rate) has a significant impact on various sectors of the economy, including the increasingly dominant trend of online shopping in the digital era. In monet

In the current era of rapid technological development, financial technology (Fintech) has brought many significant changes in the global financial system, including in the implementation of monetary policy by central

A central bank is an institution or company in the financial sector that actively supports specific monetary policies and ensures a stable level of economic activity in a country (Purba et al., 2023). Formulating and

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a form of digital money issued directly by a central bank and accessible to all economic actors for transactions (Davoodalhosseini, 2022). The main objectives of CBDC are

Exchange rate stability is a fundamental aspect of a country's economy because it affects various sectors, ranging from international trade and investment to domestic inflation. A stable exchange rate creates economic

These days, you can buy coffee or subscribe to streaming apps without spending a single penny. Everything is digital, from QRIS, electronic wallets, or e-wallets, to the increasingly popular “buy now, pay later” (

Monetary policy, as the name suggests, refers to a structure that has the authority to set interest rates and regulate the amount of money in circulation (Insani, Yuni, and Harahap, 2023). Interest rate adjustments pl